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Sleep disorders

Daytime sleepiness, parasomnia and insomnia

Introduction

Sleep disorders encompass excessive daytime sleepiness, parasomnia, and insomnia and can have an impact on a child’s cognitive, emotional, and physical well-being

Understanding the disorders and their importance

Sleep disorders, ranging from excessive daytime sleepiness to parasomnia and insomnia, constitute a multifaceted spectrum of challenges in the realm of paediatric neurology. The importance of delving into these conditions lies in their potential to disrupt the delicate balance of a child’s sleep-wake cycle, impacting academic performance, emotional health and overall development. Academic research allows a comprehensive understanding of the diverse aetiologies and presentations of sleep disorders.

Signs and symptoms

Signs of sleep disorders in children may manifest as persistent fatigue, difficulties falling asleep or staying asleep, or engaging in abnormal behaviours during sleep. Excessive daytime sleepiness may impact daily functioning; parasomnia may involve sleepwalking or night terrors; and insomnia may contribute to prolonged periods of wakefulness at night.

When to seek sleep disorder assessment

Early identification of sleep disorder symptoms is crucial for effective management. Parents and caregivers should seek sleep disorder assessment if a child experiences persistent difficulties with sleep, disruptions in daily functioning due to excessive daytime sleepiness or disruptive behaviours during sleep.

Investigation and treatment strategies

The diverse nature of sleep disorders necessitates a comprehensive approach to investigation and treatment. Diagnostic tools may include sleep studies, actigraphy and detailed sleep logs to uncover patterns and potential triggers. Treatment strategies may involve behavioural interventions, lifestyle modifications or, in some cases, pharmacological options. 

 

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